Trade Unions in Britain Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Trade Unions in Britain - Essay Example The trade unions in Britain traditionally had a system in which the bargaining was based on industries. This gave the trade unions a sense of institutional security in their operations within the private sector. By 1950, approximately 60% of the workers in the private sector were under collective agreements that had their origins outside their firm of employment. Several events and developments however combined to cause the decline of the trade unions and their influence (Fernie & Metcalf 202). The decline of the trade unions in Britain began in the years since 1979. This was after the election of Margaret Thatcher’s government that had conservative policies that were aimed at weakening the trade unions (Wrigley 2002, p40). This decline followed a period of rapid growth and increase in membership and influence in the 1950s. The collapse of the trade unions could therefore be anticipated following the decline experienced. There were several factors that contributed to the decli ne and the eventual collapse of the trade unions. ... The decline in the unions was also seen in the collective bargaining influence which was said to have declined from 70% to 40% in the years between 1980 and 1998 (Brown et al. 2003, p199). The future of the trade unions in Britain has largely been discussed. The discussion in based on the impact that the trade unions are expected to have in the future, and whether the trade unions are expected to grow or face a decline. The purpose that the trade unions serve has also come under scrutiny. It is however important to understand the role that the trade unions are expected to play so that one can understand the impact that they are likely to have in the country. It is also important to understand the crucial role that is played by the trade union and their function in the country. The 1999 Employment Relations Act in Britain was a significant step in marking the recovery of the political influence held by the trade unions. This came after many years of exclusion from the process of polic y making. The act has also been important in that it has stimulated the increase in the organization of unions, and helped the trade unions in getting recognition from the employers. The act has also paved way for the trade unions to adopt policies that are aimed at increasing their membership across all sectors of the economy. There are however many limitations to the influence that trade unions wield on the Labor government in Britain. While the trade unions have an opportunity to engage the government in dialogue over various labor policies, the government often ignores many of the ideas and representations of the trade unions. The trade unions also find it

Goole doesnt care Essay Example for Free

Goole doesnt care Essay The inspector calls to discuss the suicide of Eva Smith/Daisy Renton, quite a few working class people used many names in those times, this was because it would be easier to get jobs. Each member of the family had something to do with her suicide; it is unravelled as the play goes on. The inspector has to find a chain of evidence to make them guilty. Even though no one can be to blame legally for a suicide, however they can be morally guilty. Birling sits the inspector down and offers him a glass of port, but he doesnt accept any hospitality from him. Furthermore Birling tries to impress the inspector by telling him that he was an alderman and a magistrate, but Goole doesnt care. The inspector goes on to explain what happened to Eva Smith. Shed swallowed a lot of disinfectant. Burnt her inside out. Preistley portrays a horrid image of the girls death to make the audience feel remorseful and pitiful. He also describes her as pretty, lively, big dark eyes, and soft brown hair. The inspector starts to question Mr Birling over the death. After seeing a photograph of Eva, He admits to sacking her for setting up a strike to get slightly higher wages. He thinks he did the right thing, and he says that he paid his workers the usual rates, and he couldnt see that he had any responsibility for what happened to her afterwards. But Priestley thinks differently, as he shows by what the inspectors says; what happened to her then may have determined what happened to her afterwards, and whatever happened to her afterwards may have driven her to suicide. Birling is a very insensitive man; he shows no remorse for what happened. The next person to be interviewed is Shelia who is a pretty girl in her early twenties, is very pleased with life and quite excited. The inspector reveals that Eva luckily found a job at Milwards, he goes on to say that she again was sacked. Shelia (feeling agitated) begins to realise that she was to blame. She started to explain that she was looking at herself in the mirror when she caught Eva smiling at the assistant in a way that she found offensive. Shelia was furious and told the manager that if he didnt sack her, Mrs Birling would close the account with them. Unlike Birling, Shelia accepted that she was wrong and felt sorry for what she did. It is obvious that she regrets what she done with regard to Eva claiming that, if I could help her now I would. This makes you feel less anger for Sheila who now feels terribly guilty for Eva and has now been punished severely simply by knowing the consequences of her actions. The inspector had now finished with Shelia. It was Geralds turn in the order of how the events happened. After a misunderstanding between Gerald and Shelia, he admitted he knew Daisy Renton. And after Gerald sitting in and listening to the awful thing Shelia had done, she was now determined to find out how he played a part in this ordeal. Gerald had met Daisy at the local variety theatre known as the haunt of prostitutes. He described her as looking young, fresh, and charming. Gerald soon fell in love with her and when he found out she didnt have a penny to her name: he let her stay in his friends flat. Gerald often visited her and gave her a lot of pleasure, he soon ended the affair, as he had to go away on business, he had given her money to help her out for a few months. Eva was obviously upset inside as Gerald gave her a life she could never have. Gerald goes for a walk to get over the news of Daisys death, whilst Mrs Sybil Birling has denied knowing Eva after being shown a photograph of her. She is described as being forty years old, a rather cold woman and her husbands social superior. Mrs B is going to be interviewed out of sequence of events, because Priestley wants to show what an arrogant fool she is. The inspector has made a big impression on Shelia, who is now acting like him by summing up the chain of events, and telling Mrs B that there is no point covering everything up. Mrs B finally admits that she known Eva, who came to the Brumley womens charity organisation for help, as she was pregnant. Mrs B was the chairwoman and turned away a helping hand for the girl, because Eva used the name Birling which Mrs B wasnt happy with. She didnt show any guilt and said that the father was entirely to blame. Mrs B condemns her son Eric, as he is the father of the child, he ought to be dealt with very severely. No regret is felt and it seems that she is totally unmoved by the whole incident, only caring when she discovers that her own son is involved. Sybil is very patronising and sees herself as socially superior to those of a lower class. She finally realises that Eric was the father and is shocked, Eric has arrived, and the audience is left in suspense as the scene ends. Everyone is staring at Eric, the inspector asks him a question and he tells the story of his involvement with Eva. He had met her at the same bar as Gerald and had got drunk and took her back to the lodgings. Eva didnt really want him to come in but he was going to start a row, so she let him in and they made love. This became frequent. It was casual for Eric and Eva having sex but Gerald and Evas relationship had feelings. Eva became pregnant and they didnt want marriage, as they didnt love each other, so Eric insisted on giving her money to help her. She stopped accepting it as she realised it was stolen. Eric had admitted taking à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½50 from his fathers office. This was a lot of money in those times and his parents were enraged. The inspector concludes his visit with Priestleys message: we dont live alone. We are members of one body. We are responsible for each other. And I tell you that the time will soon come when, if men will not learn that lesson, then they will be taught in fire, blood, and anguish. The inspector leaves. Priestleys is saying that if we dont care about everyone in society, then it will end up in conflict and war. Priestley also suggests that the older generation wont change, but the younger generation accept that there needs to be a change. After he has left, the family begin to consider the consequences. Mr and Mrs B are only concerned about their image and are blaming their children for everything. They start to wonder whether he really was an inspector, Birling and Sybil get excited as they thinks it makes all the difference, but Sheila and Eric understand that they are all morally guilty for Eva and that it doesnt matter who the man was. Gerald returns, and is certain that the man wasnt a policeman. Just to make sure, Birling phones the police force and confirms that wasnt an inspector Goole. Eric still shows guilt along with Sheila but the others are not having any of it, they are ignoring the fact that they are dealing with a dead girl. Gerald is trying to get out of the guilt by assuming that Goole had showed them different photographs (which is absurd) and that the girl was not dead, and even if the girl didnt die they still did wrong. Gerald phones the infirmary to see, and he is told that there hasnt been a suicide there for months. The parents and Gerald decide that they want to celebrate and assume they are all now off the hook, while Eric and Sheila maintain that nothing has changed even if the girl wasnt dead. Another message from priestly came out from Shelia: Everything we said happened really had happened. If it didnt end tragically, then thats lucky for us. But it might have done. Birling hasnt got a clue; they think its a joke. Yet the telephone rings sharply. Mr Birling answers it, then tells the family that it was the police, he says a girl has committed suicide and is on her way to the infirmary, and that an inspector is on his way to ask some questions. They stare guiltily and dumbfounded. The whole scenario starts again. In conclusion, I think that the person to blame most is Sybil Birling. She was selfish and heartless leaving Eva to give up on herself. Eva had that little bit of hope left going to the organisation, but Mrs B turns away her helping hand. Maybe Arthur had triggered it off but Mrs B could have sorted out things out if she understood why Eva had used the name Birling. What makes you feel more anger for Sybil is that she thinks it wasnt her fault at all: she had no guilt whatsoever. Although I think it would be unfair to blame just Mrs Birling entirely, as each character played a part to the death of Eva smith. It would be more logical to blame society and the way they lived in those times, no real crime was committed, and it is more a case of social conscience. I think families like the Birlings need to aid others with their actions, not just themselves.

McDonalds Workplace Hygeine

McDonalds Workplace Hygeine Executive Summary This report is to apply the HACCP to check and evaluate the food safety procedures in one of the most famous fast-food company; the McDonald .and also aims at offering some suggestions to correct some of the non-satisfactory procedures. The report will describe it from the following aspects: personal hygiene, cleaning and sanitizing, pest control, garbage disposal, receiving foods, storing foods, cooling defrosting, cooking and holding. McDonald is a leading food service retailer. Just in the USA, it has more than 12,300 traditional restaurants, plus approximately 1320 satellite locations in facilities like hospitals. They serve more than 21.8 million customers a day. So how dose the food safety procedures go on in McDonald is of great importance, which is related to the health of consumers. In order to apply the HACCP to check the food safety procedure, this report does a study of the food safety procedure in the McDonald, and find out that as a successful enterprise, McDonald develops detailed provisions to ensure the food safety procedure, making food safety a key factor to its success. Introduction Produce and serve safe food is the final goal for foodservice operations (Yi-Mei Sun, 2005). It was reported that HACCP system have not yet been homogeneously implemented across all of the food industry (Panisello and Quantick, 2001; G.Campbell-Platt, 2002). The key action, known as critical control points can be taken to reduce or eliminate the risk of the hazards being realized. It is used in the food industry to identify potential food safety hazards at all stages of food production and preparation processes. McDonald, as the biggest fast food retailer in the world, take the food safety as a never-ending process, from raw materials, through the facilities and distribution centers, and all the way to the restaurants. It„ ¢s a top priority at McDonald„ ¢s. (Sarah Fister Gale, 2006). Situational Analysis Personal Hygiene Personal hygiene of the workers is probably one of the most important thing, because the workers need to interact with the customers, and in the McDonald, they are responsible for the dinning environment. McDonald has specific regulations for workers„ ¢ personal hygiene as follows: 1. Clothes must be clean and appropriate. 2. Keep hair clean, ladies„ ¢ face should not be covered by the hair. 3. Men„ ¢s hair should be above the collar, long hair is not allowed. 4. Men need to shave and manicure everyday. 5. Ladies should wear the appropriate make-up. And too much decoration is not allowed. 6. Keep the fingernail clean and short. 7. Maintain oral hygiene and regular bathing. 8. Members of the McDonald„ ¢s restaurant management group need to wear uniforms. 9. Wash hand before going to workstation. Of all the McDonald„ ¢s hygiene standards, most of the regulations are carried out by nearly all the workers in McDonald. But there is the told by one of the workers in McDonald: Sorry to ruin your idea about McDonald„ ¢s and hand washing. I„ ¢ve worked at McDonald„ ¢s for three months, and I never see anyone wear gloves, or wash their hands, managers included. Since this comments comes from the forum, it is difficult for us the judge its reliability. However, the suggestions for the McDonald manager is that, they need to pay more attention to the workers personal hygiene, and try their best the make the situation much better. Cleaning and Sanitizing Cleaning and Sanitizing are necessary processes to create a clean and nice environment for the customers in the McDonald. According to the HACCP, cleaning and sanitizing should follow four steps: pre-clean, main clean, sanities and drying. Regulations concerned about cleaning and sanitizing in the McDonald are: Pre-clean: 1. The dining tables, chairs ,windows and equipment should be spotless. 2. All the tableware and machine should be completely cleaned and sanitizing after work. 3. The glass must be rub everyday 4. The parking lot must be flush everyday 5. The trash bin must be brushed everyday Main clean: McDonald makes a readily cleaning regulation to main clean. Readily cleaning regulation means anybody in any position must clean the peripheral position to keep the position clean. What is more, the McDonald has its own special method to simplify the clean and sanitizing job and save the time spent on clean and sanitizing. Firstly, they use lots of paper, plastic and other disposable tableware. This means, the worker only needs to put the table wares which are left by the customers when they finish into the garbage bin, and clean the table. Then everything is done. Secondly, they use trays and trays of paper, which are convenient for the customers to carry, and reduce the chance to dirt the desk. And as a result ,save the time spent on cleaning the table. Finally, all the kitchen equipments are of stainless steel surface. As the stainless steel surface is easy to clean, the efficiency of cleaning work is improved. Pest control Pest control is also of great importance. Nobody likes the presence of pests which transmit diseases. Here is what has been done in McDonald concerned about pest control: 1.McDonald especially focus on the controlling of cockroach. 2 In the entrance of the distribution center, a kind of special yellow light has been designed to drive the fly. 3 The inside of the distribution center has been painted white, especially the floor around the warehouse. Then it will be much easy to trace the cockroach and the mouse. and some actions can be taken to prevent bad ting from happening. In McDonald, the keys to successful pest controls are as follows: 1. Correct identification of the pest is the first step in control, because information on pest biology, ecology, and behavior can be easily obtained if the pest is known. 2. It is important to detect pest problems early. Careful visual inspections can help in early detection of infestations. 3. Control measures must be timed to target the most vulnerable stage of pests. as many pests are susceptible to control measures at certain times in their lives. Garbage disposal There are many garbage need to dispose everyday in McDonald. In order to protect the environment , McDonald uses paper bags instead of bags. Here are the regulations related to garbage disposal in McDonald: 1 Disposal garbage day and never leave them until tomorrow. 2 Workers must clean the place around them at anytime. 3 Use different trash bins to separate the different kinds of garbage. 4 Wear gloves when dispose garbage 5 Wash hand after disposing garbage Although garbage disposal is a small little thing, attention should be paid to, otherwise it will be harmful to the cleaning procedure. Receiving foods According to the HACCP, the receiving contains the following aspects, and this report wills analysis the situation in the McDonald following the HACCP: 1. Approved source. To make all the products has the same flavor, the McDonald especially focus on the standardization of raw materials. And all the materials must be offered by the McDonald distribution center. 2. Choosing the suppliers Knowing that suppliers are a major player in fulfilling its promise and adhering to its social responsibility, McDonal„ ¢s ensures 100% eligibility before adding any resource to its database of approved suppliers. To quality as a McDonald„ ¢s supplier, they must meet the McDonald„ ¢s internal food safety standards, product specification and farm biosecurity policies 3. Guality supervision and inspection The McDonald has stringent procurement standards. The purchasing department is responsible for quality supervision and inspection of the raw materials of the suppliers. When a defective product is found, it should be return immediately. And the suppliers should solve the problem as soon as possible. If the suppliers can not solve the problem before the deadline, their qualification for suppliers will be canceled. So the goods receiving procedure of the McDonald is following the HACCP. Storing Foods Storing foods is a funny thing for McDonald. According to the HACCP, the McDonald can store the hamburger that is not sold out as well as the method is correct and proper. 1. The French fries must be thrown away, if it can not be sold out within seven minutes. 2. The hamburger must be thrown away, if it can not be sold out within ten minutes. It is not because of food decay or food defect. The McDonald insists on offering the most valuable and qualified food to the customers. And this is just right the reason why the McDonald does what is mentioned above. So, storing foods is in fact not only a funny thing for McDonald but also a serious thing for McDonald. And through the following statements one can see, how serious it is: 1. The temperature inside the house for cold storage should be between 1 and 4, and the temperature of the house for cold storage should be between -22ÃÆ'‚ °~18ÃÆ'‚ °. 2. Special attention should be paid to the storage of hamburger, otherwise accident will be easy to happen ,if it is not storied under the standard temperature. 3. The storage of food and materials should be obey to the regulations. And it definitely follows the HACCP, or even does a greater job. Cooling and Defrosting Cooling is a useful way to keep most of the food or materials fresh. When inspect whether the food is fresh or not, McDonald pays much attention to the test of temperature, especially the temperature control of the frozen food. The workers much inspect every product to make sure it is under the condition of cooling. The main principle for the refrigerate is insisting -FIFO , the FIFO stands for first in first out. Special methods have been made, concerned about how to organize the food, for example, there can only be six boxes of French fries up forward. Before the food being cooled, the manager need to inspect the temperature and the quality of the goods. Cooking and Holding The reported foodborne illness cases per year were 76 millions in the US(Tauxe, 2002) and 9.4 millions in the UK(Walker, et al, 2003).Improper food handling is responsible for 97% of food borne illness associated catering(Griffith CJ, 2000). The McDonald pays much attention to cooking and handling procedure. The main principle for cooking is -less amount many time  which can ensure the high quality and high fresh level of the food. For instance, twelve hamburgers should be made in four minutes; workers can not cook the twelve hamburgers at one time. The time figured out for making one hamburger is one handured and forty-five senconds, take the additional time into consideration, humburgers can be made in ten minutes. Nearly all foods in the McDonald have the specific holding time, the holding time for humbuegers is ten minutes, for french fries is seven minutes, for apple pie is ten minutes, and for coffee is thirty minutes, and the temperature of the milk sent by the supplier mus t be under 4ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€¦Ã‚ ¾Ãƒâ€  , otherwise, it will be returned. Conclusions In conclusion, workplace hygiene is very important to McDonald which does a good job in such eight aspects above-mentioned. McDonald„ ¢s ways to manage the workplace hygiene can be good references for other similar establishments. Beause of the work for hygiene is systematic, there may be some behaviours not conform to specified requirements exsit, for instance, some worker may omit washing, McDonald still needs to make better use of the HACCP to make the situation even better. References Griffith, CJ 2000. Food safety in catering establishments, in: Safe Handling of Foods, JM Farber and ECD Todd, Eds., Marcel Dekker, New York, 235-256. G.Campbell-Platt 2002. HACCP/food safety objectives. Food Control ,13, PP. 353. Panisello,P.J, Quantick,P.C 2001. Technical barriers to hazard analysis critical control point. Food Control,12(3), PP. 165-173. Sarah Fister Gale 2006. CASE STUDIES IN FOOD PROTECTION McDonaldds USA: A Golden Arch of Supply Chain Food Safety. Food Safety Magazine [Online] Issue February/March 2006, Available at:http://www.foodsafetymagazine.com/article.asp?id=491sub=sub1 [Accessed 12 Sep 2009] Tauxe, R.V 2002. Surveillance and investigation of food borne diseases. Food Control,13,PP. 363-369. Walker, E.,Pritchard,C., Forsythe,S. 2003. Hazard analysis critical control point and prerequisite programme implementation in small and medium size food business. Food Control,14, PP. 169-174. Yi-Mei Sun., H.W.Ockerman 2005. A review of the needs and current applications of hazard analysis and critical control point(HACCP) system in foodservice areas. Food Control,16, PP. 325-332.

Man Hath Known No Fury Like A Woman Scorned :: essays research papers

Man Hath Known No Fury Like a Woman Scorned   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Women are often referred to as the weaker sex. Don't say this to one of the women you’re about to read about. There are over 3000 people on death row in the United States. 42 are women. Is it that women are morally better or is it that they are better at getting away with it? The stories you are about to read deal with women who, if you saw them on the street, you would think they were perfect citizens, but they are cold hearted murderers. Thanks to Forensic Techniques we are taking these kinds of people off the street.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Three women, three murders. The first woman called the cops one night saying that there had been a horrible accident and she had shot her husband in the head. She told the story of the horrible accident to the police. They believed her. She said that when she was sleeping in her bed she heard a sound so she reached for the gun that her husband kept under the pillow for protection. When she was pulling it out she hit the trigger firing a bullet into the back of her husband’s head. She said it was a horrible accident and she couldn't believe it had happened.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The second woman was a woman in her 60s who was married to a well-known Reverend. One day she called in saying her husband was in bad shape and he was very sick. The ambulance came and got him and brought him to the hospital. He almost died but the doctors were able to keep him alive. His wife would bring cookies and other food to her husband.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The third case was a very strange case. Troopers found the body of an insurance salesman that had been missing for some time. The strange part was that the man was shot twice but there was no evidence left at all. There was no bullet casings or any fingerprints. The only thing they had was that they could tell the bullet holes were made by a shotgun and the tire tracks of a car. They questioned the man’s wife but still no clues were found. Then a few days later the police got an anonymous call giving a description of the man who had been talking about killing this man and where he worked. The men who killed the man were brought in and they confessed to the murder.

PEST Analysis Essay

Q) On the basis of PEST analysis launch a Pakistani product in Belgium? In order to launch a Pakistani product in foreign country we have to look macro economic conditions of that country. There are different accept and measurement. As to market Pakistani product certain thing are important for instance culture, area, age, group, buying power, availability of raw material etc. Macroeconomic play vital role to sell a product in any country of the world. In macroeconomic PEST analysis is very important. PEST analysis means political economical social and technological condition of a country where we launching our product. I am launching Shan plain spices in Belgium. INTRODUCTION OF BELGIUM CUISINE Belgian cuisine is widely varied with significant regional variations while also reflecting the cuisines of neighboring France, Germany and the Netherlands. It is sometimes said that Belgian food is served in the quantity of German cuisine but with quality of French food. Outside the country, Belgium is best known for its chocolate and beer. Belgian cuisine traditionally prizes regional and seasonal ingredients, leading to distinctive dishes Belgians typically eat three meals a day, with a light breakfast, light or medium sized lunch and large dinner. Though Belgium has many distinctive national dishes, it should be noted that many internationally-popular foods like hamburgers or spaghetti Bolognese are also eaten in Belgium. The list incorporates dishes of Belgian origin, or those which can be considered typically Belgian. Fries and other fast-food establishments tend to offer a number of different sauces for the fries and meats. INTRODUCTION OF SHAN FOODS Shan Foods started from a single small room some twenty five years ago. Management decided to launch its very own brand and start a full-scale manufacturing unit to cater to the taste of the local public. Shan is one of the largest exporters of premium quality packaged spices, recipe mixes, pickles and desserts with products adding taste and flavors .Shan Foods (Pvt) Ltd. Is a rapidly growing food company with presence in over 50 countries Strengthening their departments with candidates having extraordinary positive energy, obtain and edge in technology, and determined in execution, with a passion for excellence. The main objective of Shan foods sourcing department is to work with quality suppliers. The department diligently pick and select the best quality spices. Company pays extra attention in obtaining raw material. The planning process of Shan foods is depending on S&OP. The planning purpose of Shan foods is to achieved the target of R=R.. The make process of SCOR model is referred to the production or manufacturing facilities. Shan foods are dedicated to ensure the consistency of product by using well equipped production techniques. The supply chain team ensure that the goods or shipments reach their destinations well in time to match market trends and customer demand. PICTURE OF SHAN FOODSShan Foods started from a single small room some twenty five years ago. Management decided to launch its very own brand and start a full-scale manufacturing unit to cater to the taste of the local public. Shan is one of the largest exporters of premium quality packaged spices, recipe mixes, pickles and desserts with products adding taste and flavours .Shan Foods (Pvt) Ltd. Is a rapidly growing food company with presence in over 50 countries. Strengthening their departments with candidates having extraordinary positive energy, obtain and edge in technology, and determined in execution, with a passion for excellence. The main objective of Shan foods sourcing department is to work with quality suppliers. The department diligently pick and select the best quality spices. Company pays extra attention in obtaining raw material. The planning process of Shan foods is depending on S&OP. The planning purpose of shan foods is to achieved the target of R=R. Shan foods believed that planning should be right and in efficient manner. The make process of SCOR model is referred to the production or manufacturing facilities.Shan foods are dedicated to ensure the consistency of product by using well equipped production techniques. The supply chain team ensure that the goods or shipments reach their destinations well in time to match market trends and customer demand. PEST ANALYSIS P = Political E = Economical S = Social T = technological B) ECONOMICAL FACTORS IN BELGIUM 1)Nature of the Belgium economy: The modern, private enterprise economy of Belgium has capitalized on its central geographic location, industrial and commercial base. Most traditional industrial sectors are represented in the economy. Belgium developed an excellent transportation infrastructure of ports, canals, railways to integrate with its industry. Belgium has one of the most open economies in the world. This nature of economy suitable for Shan product 2) GENERAL ECONOMIC SITUATION IN THE REGION: Belgium currency is Euro. Belgium is a very open economy. This country allows foreign investor to invest in their economy. Euro is strong currency because of strong hold in economy as Shan product earn profit which in return help Belgium’s economy to rise more. 3) STRENGTH OF BELGIUM MARKET: Belgium has a well-developed free market economy, based on both industrial and service sectors. It is heavily dependent on international trade. Strong research and development team. Our lay man giligentally pick and select best quality species. Company pays extra attention in obtaining raw material. Our product is certified from international standards like ISO 9000 which is globally recognized throughout the world. 4)PRUCHASING POWER OF CONSUMERS: Belgium’s economy was based on the nation’s manufacturing capabilities. The country was the first in continental Europe to undergo the Industrial Revolution. Belgium depends heavily on world trade. Belgium’s trade advantages are derived from its central geographic location. We introduce our product in family pack as well as sachet so that every individual can take pleasure of spices in their cuisine. 5) PRODUCT DISTRIBUTION PATTERN: Supply chain team ensures that the goods or shipment reaches their destination well in time to match the market trends and customer demand. There Should in some stock in ware houses as a backup line ounce’s the stocks end in the store we immediately fill up store shelves through our product. Belgium developed a highly efficient and capable transportation infrastructure that included roads, ports, canals, and rail links. 6) DEVELOPMENT PROCESS IN BELGIUM: Food Industry is highly developed in Belgium, is devoted mainly to the processing of imported raw materials into semi finished and finished products, which are then Consume by Native. 7) Level of the economic income of the country: The rate of inflation in Belgium, this often refers to the rate of inflation based on the consumer price index, or CPI for short. The Belgian CPI shows the change in prices of a standard package of our product Belgian house holds purchase for consumption. 8) GROWTH OF OTHER BUSINESS: A unique strategic vision of the market in Belgium is presented, in particular identifying the numerous companies present together with their market shares and major brands by country and product. Standard data tables for each product provide a panorama of companies’ strengths and presence 9) INFLATION IN BELGIUM: The inflation is based upon the Belgian consumer price index. The index is a measure of the average price which consumers spend on a goods and services. Inflation based upon the consumer price index (CPI) is the main inflation indicator in Belgium. Our Shan product is easily adjust in the market. A) POLITICAL FACTORS IN BELGIUM 1) POLITICAL STABILITY: Political environment refer political and governmental and legal environment. It has close relationship with the economic system and economic policy. for instance Belgium is a constitutional monarchy in which ultimate power rest with bicameral parliament. Belgium is an EU member state and as a member of EU Belgium have to follow regulation on trade treaties, import treaties, custom duties and other trade regulations. This political stability help Shan product to launch easily and archive the desire result. 2) GOVERNMENT SUPPORT: The Belgium government welcomes foreign investment and once established foreign owned company Is treated in the same way as Belgium owned company. Belgium tax incentive tend to favour new service industries and high tech companies. 3) TAXATION SYSTEM IN BELGIUM: The principle taxes effecting the companies are the cooperate income tax, pay tax on remuneration paid to employes and directors, insurance premium tax and depending on the location of the company certain regional and local taxes. Belgium has fully implemented the EU parent subsidiary intrest royalties and saving directive into domestic law. 4) CHEAP LABOUR: Belgium labor law encompasses laws on the terms of environment on rules of health and safety. All major Belgian companies have European work council agreement. Foreign employee who want to work in Belgium must have work permit and this work permit can be obtained relatively fast and easy. As permission form the Belgium government Shan food company easily take cheap labor from Pakistan which help the company to reduce its liability. 5) LAW AND ORDER SITUATION: As a law and order situation in Belgium is far better than Pakistan. no hap hazards, blast or other issues regarding the security. Suppler deliver the product on time. There’s no peril of theft of product aur raw material.prdust arrive on time in the market,at the right palce and on the right time. 6) CORRUPTION Belgium has a very open economy and offers a reliable environment for direct inbound investment. Because the country has a federal structure and is also subject to European regulations, decisions affecting the investment climate are taken at a variety of levels. Changes in corporation tax are making Belgium an increasingly interesting place. Belgium is least corrupt country. Corruption is minimal, and the government prohibits and punishes all forms of bribery. 7)ACCOUNTING,FILLING AND AUDITING REQUIREMENT: The annual report of Belgian companies must be drafted in accordance with Belgian GAAP(generally accepted accounting principle).foreign companies are required to deposits each year financial report in central bank. Financial statement must be audited by a statutory auditor because of well organized accounting system this country help a lot to accomplish Shan plain spices. 8) OPEN MARKETS: Belgium has low tariffs along with other members of the European Union, and non-tariff barriers are relatively low. The investment regime is largely open. The Financial Crisis Law passed in June 2010 grants the government stronger powers to step in during crises. In order of loss in sale of Shan plain spices Belgian government come forward to help the company. In rainy days government help company to pay its liabilities. 9)REGULATORY EFFICIENCY: The cost of establishing a company has been reduced to below 20 percent of the level of average annual income, and starting a business takes only three days and four procedures. price control policies continue to affect a range of products and services. 10) AVAILABILITY OF LAND: Belgium is a federal state consisting of three culturally different regions: Flanders, Wallonia, Brussels. In the 19th century, the area began to industrialize, and Wallonia was the first fully industrialized area This brought the region great economic prosperity. Regulation duties apply on leasing of real state located in Belgium at rates ranging from 0.2% to 12.5% is depending on the area where the company is located.

Artificial Intelligence Essays (959 words) - Humanoid Robots

Artificial Intelligence Essays (959 words) - Humanoid Robots Artificial Intelligence Artificial Intelligence once something that people thought could only come out of science fiction novels and movies. But today that could all change because of a robot called Cog. Cog is an artificial intelligence that it?s creators have given a body. He is the future of AI and a new beginning for the field. His creator , Rogney Brooks, a professor of electrical engineering and computer science, thought of creating cog, from inspiration from an artificial intelligence that was depicted in the movie, "2001:A Space Odyssey." In the movie, Hal, the AI, controlled a large space craft. Instead of creating a brain in a box like in the movie, Rodney is putting the mind of a human into the body of a robot. Cog isn?t yet a true humanoid robot. Right now he is little more that a head, neck , shoulders, chest and waist. He is perched on a gray steel pedestal bolted to the floor of the Artificial intelligence lab at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Still no other machine has come closer to the humanoid robots of science fiction. Cog foreshadows the day in which robots will interact normally with us. Cog?s creators are trying to do just that. Cog is a very far cry from what HAL was thought, because he has some anatomy. HAL was just basically a brain in a box. What they are trying to accomplish with cog, is to equip a brain with a body, that has sensors so that it can learn about its environment on its own, much like a infant does. Creating a humanoid was a big leap for Brooks. His last venture in to the AI world made a big impression on the artificial-Intelligence community. He created small robots the scurried around like insects. It turns out though, that these small creatures have much in common with Cog. They both do no use the usual AI approach that most other Mobil robots use. These other robots, would have to carry a complete map of the world that the machine will encounter. That would work fine in the lab, Brooks reasoned, but what about the real world with it?s vast space and many unfamiliar obstacles. To over overcome this problem, Brooks programmed this little robots with so-called parallel behaviors. He didn?t need the all-encompassing maps others used, just simple leg routines, such as up-down and forward-back motions the operate in parallel. On the robot?s legs sensors warded of obstacles and triggered these behaviors like reflexes. These machines ran riot in the lab where gradua! te students built new obstacles courses for them every day. The insect like robots managed to conquer all. Cog represents the basic same principal, but a few steps beyond. Brooks plans to take Cog a long way. Right now , Cog is learning how to see, and relate what he sees to his head motion, to be able to know what motion in the world, and what is dew to his head movement. They are letting Cog learn by its self. There are also plans to make ears for cog so that he may learn to hear. They have all ready completed a poly styrene head that is complete with micro-phones and processors. The first step in teaching Cog to hear is to map sensor coordination between the eyes and ears. With the done, when cog hears a sound, he will point his eyes at it, and then if he sees motion, that will reinforce what he just heard with the coordination of the two. Sound will help cog figure out where to look, but he will also be able to separate sounds, like people can do at a noisy cocktail party. These senses will help it to be able to interact with its environment and learn about its own body. What it sees verses what it is doing. There are also plans to give Cog the ability to be able to reach out and touch someone. Right now he has no arms at all. He can lean forwards and sideways at the hips, and turn its head, but that is all at the moment. Williamson, a graduate student on the Cog team, is building Cog?s first arm as

Judicial Selection Essays

Judicial Selection Essays Judicial Selection Essay Judicial Selection Essay In recent years judicial selection has become an issue of great debate with many different views and ways to make it better. In Texas, judicial selection is carried out by partisan elections where voters get to choose the judges and justices. This form of judicial selection has many advantages as well as some disadvantages. One advantage of judicial selection by election is that it gives the voters the power in the selection. This allows Texans to be sure that the selection process is kept â€Å"†¦out of the hands of an elitist entity that would choose political cronies or donors. In merit based selection, for example, even if the people vote not to retain the judge, the people of power in government just get to pick another one of their buddies. Another advantage is that elections allow the people to get to know the candidates better. Since the candidates must campaign for the election it is much easier for the voters to find out their judicial philosop hies and their qualifications for the job. If selection wasn’t done by election the people wouldn’t know anything about their judges because they would have no reason to get their name out and state their policies. The ability to remove judges that aren’t doing their job is also an advantage of judicial selection by election. In a merit based system â€Å"†¦given the low attention of the electorate, removing bad judges from office is difficult. †i The disadvantages of the judicial selection by election system are almost all associated with the campaign process. The main issue is that the campaigns are largely funded by corporations and organizations that are likely to appear in court. This causes a lot of distrust among the people because the majority believes the campaign contributions influence judge’s decisions. Whether the contributions actually influence decisions or not, the people have lost some faith in the judicial which is the biggest problem. Also, the campaigns are problematic because usually whoever raises the most money wins the election. The candidate who raised the most money probably made the most promises to corporations and organizations, so this cou ld lead to some unfair and unjust trials. A problem not associated with the campaigns is that many voters do not know the judicial candidates very well. This is shown in the 2002 Republican Primary election with Judge Xavier Rodriguez. He was a sitting Supreme Court Justice supported by Governor Perry and the Republican Party who didn’t even win the primary. Many believe he didn’t win simply because of his name. i In conclusion, I believe that the merit based system of judicial is best for most of the country because it would allow judges to make decisions without having to feel obligated to anyone. However, this would not be realistic in Texas because I don’t think Texans would ever allow the vote to be taken out of their hands. I believe the best solution for Texas would be to restrict donations further and not allow candidates to know who their contributors are, like Idaho has done. This would eliminate judges being influenced by large contributors and would make the campaigns more equal because the corporations and organizations wouldn’t have incentive to give a lot of money.

Educational Reform Essays - Rodham Family, Bill Clinton, Free Essays

Educational Reform Essays - Rodham Family, Bill Clinton, Free Essays Educational Reform American Polling Choice Words: If You Cant Understand Our Poll Questions, Then How Can We Understand Your Answers? Core Issue Richard Morin writes about a problem plaguing polls across the nation. Morin states that many Americans polled do not understand the poll questions, yet they seem to always have an opinion on most questions poised. Supporting Ideas 1) When President Clinton was confronted with questions about his past actions with Monica Lewinsky, he created ambiguity within the questions. He misinterpreted the meaning of sex, and what it entails. 2) To create the most illustrating answers, several questions are asked; the answers should come out the same. This will prove how strong the polls should be supported. If few questions are asked, the standard error (margin of error) is extremely higher than that of more lengthy surveys. 3) There is also a language problem. How questions are written creates different results. By describing an event within a question may create a biased answer. They m ay also not be probing at the right question they had intended. Conclusions Morin states that all the attention brought to polls over the past year have greatly increased the polling process. The polls indicated early on how the public felt about Clinton, Clintons a good president but a man of ghastly character who can stay in the White House but stay away from my house, dont touch my daughter and dont pet the dog (Cannon, 290). The public stayed with the approval of the presidents policies and should have been paid more attention to. On the other hand, some feel that polls may never play

Service Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Service - Assignment Example In fact, the company had no policy on how to deal with chronically complaining clients versus this critical case of a one-time customer. According to Churchman, a system is defined as a distinct set of parts that are designed in a coordinated manner to deliver some set objectives (churchman, 1968). In the case of Presto cleaners, the entire business operations formed the core system, and the newly installed computer system was just an additional component to the system. The additional component was expected to streamline business operations and improve efficiency, but it ended up creating inconveniencies. A critical analysis of the vents reveals that the computer system installed was alright, but the root cause of the problem resulted from poor reception of the components into the system. The newly introduced computerized environment was responsible for a change in the system. It is plausible that the general manager at Presto had only one week to familiarize the personnel with the workings of the new computer system. However, the employees took longer than expected to acquaint themselves with the workings of the new system. Ion adequate training resulted in incompetent personnel, who ended up making grave mistakes leading to customer complaints. The system was designed and expected to reduce customer waiting time and improve service delivery. The system was expected to increase the rate of picking and dropping laundry items, hence increase the total bulk of clothes processed daily. It is apparent that there was nothing wrong with the whole system in the first place. It only required the management to create an enabling environment that will make it possible to introduce new components into the system in a smooth transition. The considerations of systems thinking as elucidated by Churchman can serve as vital ingredients in an organization

The Costco Case Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Costco Case - Assignment Example In an industry where competition is stiff, an organization need to develop strategies that would enhance its position in the marketing by attracting more customers. The competitors here are sure employing several strategies such as pricing in an attempt to develop a competitive edge and be the market leader. Yes, all these three club rivals-Costco, Sam’s and BJ’s wholesale have high similar strategies. They both sell their products at very low prices to attract customers, offer a variety of products from which customers can choose from, have a strong emphasis on low operating costs, all use cross-docking technique to reduce the operational cost and to guarantee that the products reach the stores and the customers in good time and all the stores ensure quality products to their customers. All also ensure that they offer quality to execute, quality merchandise and superior shopping experience to all their customers and members in the wholesale club industry. However, there are some different in their strategies of the BJ’s that are apparent. BJ’s ensures that it stocks a broader product assortment than Sam’s club and the Costco club, it also offers its products in some smaller package sizes that are easier for its customers to carry home and store conveniently compared to the other two clubs, it is the only club that accept manufacturing coupon which provides added value to its customers, and it also allows its customers to purchase various products online through their website if such products are not found in the companies warehouse club. Therefore, BJ’s appears to have a better strategy than the other two rivals. On the other hand, Sam’s strategies appear to be some weak compared to the other two competitors. Its strategy seems to follow the market trend. It does not have any unique strategies for its products but responds to the

Social And Economic Trends Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Social And Economic Trends - Assignment Example Cultural self-awareness has multiple definitions that are coined from the words culture, self, and awareness. The National Center for Cultural Competence defines cultural awareness as the â€Å"cognizant, observant, and conscious† sensitivity to the differences and similarities that exist between different cultures. Lum supports this definition in his perspective that recognizes â€Å"cognitive and sensory† knowledge of the relationship between self and culture. These perspectives integrate to the definition that cultural self-awareness is an individual’s knowledge of own culture and the interaction of the culture and other cultures to influence aspects of life. Different definitions also exist for cultural intelligence. Ang and Dyne define the concept as the potential to operate and manage self in a multi-cultural set up (2008, p. 3). This is consistent with Bertagni, La Rosa, and Salvetti’s definition of the capacity to integrate one’s self in int erpersonal situations in which cultural contexts are influential (2010, p. 80). Cultural intelligence has three dimensions that develop its relationship with cultural self-awareness. The cultural self-awareness that defines knowledge of an individual’s culture and that of other cultures, therefore, is therefore important to the emotional dimension of cultural intelligence because it forms a basis for influencing a person’s attitude than eventually determine ability to manage factors in a cultural context.

Trans-national corporation Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Trans-national corporation - Research Paper Example In addition, the company is in the Forbes 500 best companies. Therefore, Apple Inc. is a transnational company because it operates across numerous countries, has retail outlets in many countries and also employs many people across the world. In understanding the image of a product, three important components are analyzed. These include the strength of the brand, influence of the brand on the customers and financial performance of the company. Apple Inc. financial position is stable and keeps continuing growing due to the demands from the customers especially when it comes to its mobile devices (Zylla-Woellner 89). The customers purchase new products easily this raising the organization revenues translating into more profits. In addition, the Apple brand is strong and it is easily for Apple Inc. to increase the prices of the products without any effect to the customer. The customers have become loyal to the organization products and services including the mobile phones (Apple Inc 2014). The brand plays an important role since consumers hold it with esteem and users of the mobile phones are held at a better level compared to other mobile phones. The uniqueness of Apple Inc products is the â€Å"bitten† image of an Apple, which is logo that is on all the Apple products (Zylla-Woellner 121). The aim of the logo is to make it easier for the customers to identify the product. Therefore, the logo is utilized a marketing strategy since seeing the logo, customers and other stakeholders knows that the product is able; hence, the image of Apple Inc across the world is continually developing; bringing more customers to purchase the Apple Inc. products and services (Apple Inc 2014). The book reviews the contribution of Jony Ive in the development of new products that include IPhone, iPad, iPod and iMac. These designs has played an important role in

Weekly ass. #2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Weekly ass. #2 - Essay Example There are instances when a member resorts to social loafing or free riding when he/she perceives that his/her individual performance will not be assessed (Forsyth 294). Lastly, the group becomes unproductive when some members constantly complain. The group allots a bulk amount of its time in addressing member’s complaints instead of generating ideas and executing plans (Wong). I witnessed how such behaviors negatively affected a group I once a member of. A teacher of a particular subject asked us to group ourselves through counting off from 1 to 5, and then asked all number 1 to be a group, and 2, 3 and so on. I noticed that a member of our group keeps on complaining about the conflict of his schedule with our group meeting. He always disagrees with ideas or plans of action presented in the group. However, he failed to present any idea that the group can pursue. These negative behaviors have reduced morale and productivity of the

Rhetorical Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 26

Rhetorical Analysis - Essay Example Being a disease with no certified medication, every state/ nation of the world feared the penetration of the virus into its territories. At the time, the governments placed all possible measures to prevent the spread of the disease into their countries. Despite all these efforts, the fear of Ebola could not be eliminated from not only the ordinary nationals, but also the medical practitioners. Responding to the vigorous spread of the disease, the author decided to write a journal that would explain various measures that can be put in place for preparedness and prevention of Ebola. The main purpose of the paper therefore was to enlighten every the different stakeholder and possible victims of the Ebola disease, on how the disease could be prevented. For instance, the journal was aimed at the health service providers (e.g. nurses), to be careful when handling the suspected of confirmed Ebola patients. The author achieves this goal by advising them to wear protective attires when handling such cases. The journal also enlightened the ordinary people, on the various ways through which the Ebola virus could be contracted. For instance, the author stresses that the main way through which Ebola is contracted is through direct contact with the infected person. The author also had a goal to advise governments on how Ebola virus spread could be prevented. In his article, he points out that, since there is no effective treatment for Ebola disease, the only method that can help in controlling the spread of the disease is by quarantine. This advice to the government would assist in isolating the suspected or confirmed Ebola patients, and specialized attention given to them. This prevents unnecessary spread of the disease. The journal targets any person, who needs to get information about the prevention of Ebola disease. Looking at the time during which the article was written, ideally,

Trans-national corporation Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Trans-national corporation - Research Paper Example In addition, the company is in the Forbes 500 best companies. Therefore, Apple Inc. is a transnational company because it operates across numerous countries, has retail outlets in many countries and also employs many people across the world. In understanding the image of a product, three important components are analyzed. These include the strength of the brand, influence of the brand on the customers and financial performance of the company. Apple Inc. financial position is stable and keeps continuing growing due to the demands from the customers especially when it comes to its mobile devices (Zylla-Woellner 89). The customers purchase new products easily this raising the organization revenues translating into more profits. In addition, the Apple brand is strong and it is easily for Apple Inc. to increase the prices of the products without any effect to the customer. The customers have become loyal to the organization products and services including the mobile phones (Apple Inc 2014). The brand plays an important role since consumers hold it with esteem and users of the mobile phones are held at a better level compared to other mobile phones. The uniqueness of Apple Inc products is the â€Å"bitten† image of an Apple, which is logo that is on all the Apple products (Zylla-Woellner 121). The aim of the logo is to make it easier for the customers to identify the product. Therefore, the logo is utilized a marketing strategy since seeing the logo, customers and other stakeholders knows that the product is able; hence, the image of Apple Inc across the world is continually developing; bringing more customers to purchase the Apple Inc. products and services (Apple Inc 2014). The book reviews the contribution of Jony Ive in the development of new products that include IPhone, iPad, iPod and iMac. These designs has played an important role in

Rhetorical Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 26

Rhetorical Analysis - Essay Example Being a disease with no certified medication, every state/ nation of the world feared the penetration of the virus into its territories. At the time, the governments placed all possible measures to prevent the spread of the disease into their countries. Despite all these efforts, the fear of Ebola could not be eliminated from not only the ordinary nationals, but also the medical practitioners. Responding to the vigorous spread of the disease, the author decided to write a journal that would explain various measures that can be put in place for preparedness and prevention of Ebola. The main purpose of the paper therefore was to enlighten every the different stakeholder and possible victims of the Ebola disease, on how the disease could be prevented. For instance, the journal was aimed at the health service providers (e.g. nurses), to be careful when handling the suspected of confirmed Ebola patients. The author achieves this goal by advising them to wear protective attires when handling such cases. The journal also enlightened the ordinary people, on the various ways through which the Ebola virus could be contracted. For instance, the author stresses that the main way through which Ebola is contracted is through direct contact with the infected person. The author also had a goal to advise governments on how Ebola virus spread could be prevented. In his article, he points out that, since there is no effective treatment for Ebola disease, the only method that can help in controlling the spread of the disease is by quarantine. This advice to the government would assist in isolating the suspected or confirmed Ebola patients, and specialized attention given to them. This prevents unnecessary spread of the disease. The journal targets any person, who needs to get information about the prevention of Ebola disease. Looking at the time during which the article was written, ideally,

Internet Marketing Essay Example for Free

Internet Marketing Essay This is perhaps the biggest threat gained from the internet as standardised products have become easier to compare throughout online intermediaries like kelkoo(Chaffney 2006) However business have to view it as an opportunity rather than a threat. (Chaffney 2006)states the bargaining power of its suppliers is reduced since there is a wider choice and increased commoditisation due to e-procurement and e-marketplace. Companies can demand that supplier uses â€Å"Internet use of electronic data interchange†(Strauss et al 2006), in order to increase supply chain sufficiency and reduce costs. Substitution is on the increase since digital products can be introduced faster making it a steady threat as consumers have broader choices online. The replacing of online channels mean existing services are now on the net, I. e. online banking. The barriers to entry have declined, enabling new competitors that have previously required a high street presence to trade online, along with foreign competitors. All these factors must be monitored to avoid deterioration of market share. The microenvironment is defined as â€Å"all stakeholder, organizations, and forces external to the organisation†(Strauss,2006) . Social Factors are one of the key trends effecting businesses, to date a vast majority of the population obtain access to the internet, however firms need to take into account when forecasting future demands that groups do not wish to have access and the shortage of demand for online services. Moreover firms need to think how to avoid social exclusion (Chaffney 2006) defined as social exclusion as part of society that is excluded from the facilities available to the remainder and so becomes isolated (Strauss, 2006) Digital inequality matters due to those without access and skills are loosing out on the benefits of the digital world and research shows a clear correlation between social and digital exclusion.

Tata Motors A Business Strategy Report Marketing Essay

Tata Motors A Business Strategy Report Marketing Essay Tata Motors Limited, Indias largest automobile company, is the leader by far in commercial vehicles, and the second largest in the passenger vehicles market with winning products in the compact, mid-size car and utility vehicle segments. The purpose of this report is to study and analyze the internal and external environments of the automobile industry in India. The analysis should enable us to assess the current as well as previous strategies of the company and redesign new strategies for further optimization. Key Findings The research shows that Tata Motors has successfully implemented Low-Cost Strategy by providing unmatched value for its customers money. With 50 years of experience, the company has successfully served varied needs of its customers by providing an extensive range of products. Tata Motors is a pioneer in RD department which allows it to constantly innovate and discover new technologies. Recommendations Considering the emerging economy and changing consumers spending, implementation of Low-Cost Strategy might not benefit in the long run. Consequently, it is recommended that the company should follow differentiation strategy and focus on providing unique goods and services to win over the market from the rivalry players. By bringing revolutionary changes in the market, it would not be unrealistic to think of a future where customers would willingly pay for the added value to the product. Introduction Outline of Business under study Tata Motors, a subsidiary of the Tata group, was formerly known as TELCO (TATA Engineering and Locomotive Company). The group takes its name from the founder Jamsedji Tata and has its headquarters at the Bombay House in Mumbai, India. Established in 1945, Tata Motors has more than 4 million vehicles driving on the Indian roads. It was the first Indian company from the engineering sector to be listed in the New York Stock Exchange. It made its place amongst the worlds top three passenger vehicle makers and is currently the leader in commercial vehicle. It also stands as the fourth largest truck and second largest bus manufacturer. The company employs 23,000 workers, who are directed by the vision to become the best in its operations and product while staying intact with the business ethics and value system. The multinational often hits the headlines because of its takeovers and mergers, especially with the recent acquisition of Jaguar Land Rover (Tata Motors 2011). External Analysis of the Automobile Industry Ever growing Indian population and hence the workforce, has increased the number of independent earners. This favourable trend provides a greater scope for the development of automobile industry in India. During 2008 the industry had a share of up to 3.9% in countrys GDP, which is expected to rise to 10% by 2016 (India Retail Report Q1 2011). Consumer spending on transport is also expected to experience an upward trend and advance by 73.2% in 2007-2015. Also, increased investment by the government for improved road infrastructure has further led to a growth in multi-axle vehicles (Euromonitor International 2008). Reason for studying Tata Motors Tata Motors is lately the most talked about company. Over the years it has emerged as a low cost vehicle manufacturer with prime focus on innovation. In divergence to its strategy, it would be interesting to learn about its new ventures in the luxury market. The study therefore focuses on closely scrutinising and reviewing its current tactics and verifying for any scope for improvement. Strategic Analysis Methods Techniques for Data Collection For the execution of this research, we conducted an in-depth study of the available secondary data. The gathered information was verified with the online company records, reports and official websites. Tata Motors Internal Records and Annual Reports Companies internal records helped us analyzed its current position by revealing its earnings until 2010 and understanding its past strategies and actions. Online Databases Data retrieved from EBSCOhost database, Factiva database and e-books available online at Deakin library and google scholar proved to be extremely beneficial. Online Websites and Other Resources Reliable articles, magazines, statistical trends, government websites and other relevant online sources like financial express, further enlightened our knowledge about the company. Text Book and Lecture Notes The textbook Exploring Corporate Strategy by Gerry Johnson provided us with the framework to go about this project. Study guide and lecture notes were also valuable source for information. Business Strategy Statement Tata Motors aims to emerge as the world-class automobile leader with the remarkable price-performance ratio in combination with hyper-efficient engines to acquire the large market share internationally. Tata Motors mission is to create an organisation that people enjoy working for, doing business with and investing in. It focuses on customer needs to provide them a range of innovative products and maintain long-term relations, by working closely with its workforce and business partners. The companys purpose is to consistently create shareholder value by generating greater returns and to foster long lasting ties with the vendors and channel partners (Global Reporting Initiative 2010). The companys objective is to invest INR28.8billion over the next few years for increasing its production and INR60billion for the expansion of the existing manufacturing plants and in setting up vehicle testing facilities (Automotive Manufacturing Solutions 2010). Tata Motors unmatchable ability to manufacture low cost vehicles provides the company with a greater scope of earning high profit margins and enjoys a greater market share. Economic slowdown has hyped the competition to provide low priced but the best quality vehicles. Understanding rural Indian economy and growing incomes of the farmers, Tata Motors view increased opportunities for its commercial sector (Thakkar 2010). Nevertheless Tata Motors have a range of upcoming Jaguar and Land rover cars for the luxury brand buyers to capture the higher-income/premium customer segment. This could create a greater success for the company in near future. Tata Motors have remarkable advantages of manufacturing in India when compared to other MNC competitors. It benefits from the low labour cost, extensively skilled and interwoven backward and forward linkages, boosting IT engineering, strong auxiliary industry, substantial knowledge of the market, improving infrastructure and increasing domestic demand. Tata Motors aspires to be a world-class maker of quality vehicles by striking balance between the needs of its customers, employee, suppliers, investors and the community as a whole. Analysis of External Environment of the Business Macro Environment analysis Economic Factors: The Indian economy has experienced constant growth due to the increasing per capita income, which grew by 14.2% in 2006-07. The total consumer spending increased by 73.9% during 1995-2007 this is expected to reach 58.2% in 2007-2015 (Euromonitor International 2008). According to the World Factbook (2011), Indias inflation rate rose to 11.7% in 2010 driven by increasing food and fuel prices. Moreover, rising commodity prices and hardening interest rate has posed immense pressure on costs and margins of Indian manufacturers (Mitra Sen 2011). Figure 1: India GDP Source: Index Mundi 2011 Demographic Factors: Indias total population of 1.19 billion constitutes 70% potential buyers, which are below 35 years. It is seen that 130 million people had been added to the working population between 2003 and 2009. This indicates an increase in number of people with lesser dependency. The trend is likely to add value to vehicle demand with a shift toward high end cars (Automotive Mission Plan 2006). Figure 2: Vehicle Sales in India Source: India Retail Report Q2 2011 Political-Legal Factors: Indian government has taken several incentives under the current 11th five year plan (2007-2012) to boost the automobile sector. The Finance bill 2006 has reduced the excise duty on the small cars and duty on raw material which is now 5-7.5% as compared to the previous level of 10%. The Ministry of Finance announced 150% weighted deduction under the income Tax Act for in- house RD expenditure for all sectors (Anand 2009). The government has introduced a National Automotive testing and RD Infrastructure Project (NATRIP) which is based on building world class testing and RD infrastructure for vehicles in the country for automotive safety, emission and performance standards in India. Moreover, the Government has allocated a part of its budget for the improvement of road infrastructure (Planning Commission 2006). Environmental Factors: Increasing consciousness about global warming requires production of fuel efficient vehicles. Moreover, diesel fuelled locomotives pose greater threat to the environment as compared to the CNG vehicle (Centre for Science and Environment 2011). Furthermore, Recent disclosure of Euro V standard by the European commission requires India to revise its emission standards (Automotive Mission Plan 2006). Recently legislated carbon tax on coal producers has provided a source of financing clean energy research and development (Building Green Business 2010). Technological Factors: The automobile industrys spending on RD has increased from US$54.58 million to US$214.26 million in last four years which is 0.8% of the total nations GDP (The Financial Express 2008) (Ramanathan 2011). Furthermore, NATRIP is aiming to integrate the strengths of IT and electronics with the automobile engineering sector (Planning Commission 2006). Impact of Macro Environment on Business: Overall, developing economy with growing working population and consumer spending indicates an increase in the consumer demand, subsequently a growth in the automobile industry. Other prime factors contributing to this trend are improved expenditure on RD, boosting IT and reduced duty on raw materials. However, the escalating fuel and commodity prices and rising interest rates can obstruct industrys progress. Thus PESTEL analysis shows that mainly the economic and demographic factors are likely to be the main drivers for the advancement of automobile industry in future. Industry Analysis Threat of new entrant: Emerging Indian market is attracting automobile companies from all over the world. International car rental firms are posing a greater threat with nearly twelve brands, expected to enter the market (Gupta Shekhar 2010). However, Tata Motors enjoys economies of scale and level of experience, thus challenging for the new entrants. Figure 1: Five force framework Source: Johnson, Whittington Scholes 2011 Bargaining power of buyers: Increasing disposable income and availability of better alternatives have raised the customer expectations and array of choice. This has led to a decline in consumer loyalty towards particular vehicle brand. Indian consumers are now enjoying the greater bargaining power (Gupta Shekhar 2010). Bargaining power of Suppliers: The Indian auto component industry has witnessed a strong growth during 1995-2005, subsequently making automobile one of the fastest growing Industry. Increased availability of supply sources has lowered suppliers bargaining power. This can be seen in Tata Motors extended forward and backward vertical integration of its value chain through acquisition or creation of steel, manufacturing and retail operations (Zahrai 2009). Rivalry between Competitors: Indian automobile industry is highly competitive with three major players, namely Maruti Suzuki, Tata and Hyundai. Tata Motors and Hyundai Motors have nearly equal percentage of market share, although less than Maruti Suzuki. An important factor, which adds fuel to the competition, is that all major vehicle providers are highly competent to pursue opportunities with aggressive strategies. Figure: Market Share of Passenger Vehicle Providers (2010-2011) Source: Adapted from The Economic Times 2011 Threat of Substitutes: Automobile industry in India may fear the rapid development of public transport, most economical and speedy being metros. The analysis infers that four forces are strong enough to make this industry less attractive. However, to survive Tata Motors need to closely monitor the competitor actions and respond quickly to the changes in customer needs and expectations. Strategy Canvas Source: Adapted from Taylor 2011 Critical Success Factors The Critical Success Factors will enable Tata Motors to gain competitive advantage over the competitors to enter the blue ocean. Economies of Scale: Reaping the benefits of economies of scale, Tata Motors has been able to establish itself as a successful low cost provider (Business India Intelligence, 2008). Diversification: Tata Motors product line ranges from worlds cheapest car to expensive models such as Jaguar and Land Rover to trucks passing the million unit output mark reaping the benefits of economies of scale (Maekawa 2008). Innovation: Today the company employs over 2000 engineers and scientists, providing a leading edge in RD. This endowed technological capability has allowed constant innovations, thus serving the unique needs of the customers (IBEF 2010). Analysis of Internal Environment of the Business Companys Capabilities and Strengths Tata Motors have distinctive capability due to its comparative advantage in producing low cost cars, which is out of the reach of competitors. The value chain for Tata Motors starts with the IT teams innovation as a tool for business growth. Primary Activities Inbound logistics such as Tata Power Co., Tata Steel help them gain economics of scale. RD, designing, manufacturing, assembling, Kaizen TPM teams for testing and packaging to improve its operating efficiency. To capture significant market, it provides variety of light and heavy commercial, utility vehicles, and passenger cars. Tata distribution Company limited (TDCL) provides logistics support for distribution. The company optimized its cost on sales and marketing to ensure awareness about their latest launches. Easily reachable service centres, 24 hours IT Service desk and Tata AIG insurance finance facilities provide an ease to the customers (Tata Motors 2011). Support activities Tata constantly strives on innovation by providing its employees with a room for development through vocational and cross-functional training programs. Its HR process has been automated for far reaching profits. Competitive Strength of Business Tata Motors give tough competition to other players in automobile industry with its strong low cost strategies like production of Tata Nano. These schemes provide value for service to customers. SWOT Analysis Strengths Weaknesses Strong domestic player with a turnover of approximately $15,771.6 million in 2009. Extensive range of commercial and passenger vehicles with several variants to suit customer preferences. INR50,154million expenditure on robust research and development (RD) capability with Strong engineering skills in designing. Enjoys Low labour cost by manufacturing in India. Ultra cheap Nano, which was designed to replace the two wheelers with an affordable four-wheeler, was their greatest achievement. Tata Motors had debt of INR435, 815 million at the end March 2009, which unable cash inflow and degrades creditworthiness. General public associate Tata as low price and hence low quality, however this image may not do well in the premium sector. Inferior labour productivity and lean production. . . Opportunities Threats Technical know-how may transfer from Jaguar Land Rover and also the premium brand can benefit from reduced cost. Emerging market of India with increasing income levels. Infrastructure development in India will further increase the vehicle demand. Fuel efficient and eco friendly cars may find its way into the market. The price of raw materials is increasing and the company cannot pass the burden to its non-affluent customers. Rising fuel prices may have an adverse effect. Cost of meeting environmental regulations. Global financial crisis of 2007-08 has lead to financial crunch thereby rising the interest rates. Developing markets has attracted severe competition which could jeopardise Tatas position. Source: Datamonitor 2010 Strategy and Culture Tata Motors have a distinct way of doing business, more profoundly known as, The TATA way. The most deeply engraved value in the company is trust. The companys logo, leadership with trust personifies peoples belief in the brand. Thus the company respects the trust embedded in it by many and strives to honour its commitments. Other five core values that underpin the Tata way of doing business include integrity, responsibility, unity, understanding and excellence (Tata Motors 2011). The corporate governance of the company originates from its rich legacy of ethical, fair and transparent governance practices followed since ages, even before they were made mandatory by fostering highest standards of professionalism, integrity, honesty and ethical conduct (Corporate Sustainability Report 2008). Information and power passes through a vertical hierarchy with CEO being the foremost authority. The vice chairman of Tata Motors, Ravi Kant, attaches greater importance to communication. He strongly believes oral communication helps one understand the behavioural pattern. As a leader, the body language, communication style and the way of treating employees matter the most because the followers observes and take their own cues. Friendly relations with workers allow easy flow of ideas, thereby encouraging greater yield. Further, Code of Corporation Disclosure Practices confirms transparent declaration of its operations (Business Strategy Review 2010). Company successfully integrates advanced international HR management processes by retaining local managers in recent acquisition and transferring few senior managers from India. This makes exchange and adaption to new expertise easier while maintaining the companys core values. Quality has always remained the cornerstone of the Tata way of business; as such a formal system to scale the performance of different companies was introduced. TQMS help companies under the Tata group to conduct and enhance its business endeavours especially in relation to business excellence and ethics. Further, JRD Quality Value Awards named after the late chairman of the group, JRD Tata where incorporated for ensuring and encouraging quality consciousness. The award acknowledges the company within the group that achieves highest level of quality and excels quality management (Tata Motors 2011). Such practices entrench a learning environment that would consequently help achieve leadership in the marketplace by constantly striving to become the best. Strict fellowship of companys culture has allowed it to smoothly adhere to its strategy. Business Strategy Choice Tata Motors has constantly strived to be a low cost leader in the automobile market. Thus by employing Low cost strategy, it has made its presence felt especially in the untapped and developing markets like India. The most evident example is that of the ultra-low cost Nano. However, with increasing interest rates, raw material and fuel prices the company may not be able to sustain this strategy in the long run. Nevertheless, macro environment analysis suggests that economic growth and rising disposable incomes may increase the potential luxury vehicle buyers. Thus, TATAs acquisitions of Jaguar Land Rover seem to be a sound decision. Also, the ever-increasing competition in the industry requires Tata to implement Differentiation strategy. In accordance to this strategy, the company must focus on providing unique goods and services to win over the market from the rivalry players. This would allow the company to enjoy a premium price that the customers would willingly pay for the added value to the product. Implementation of this strategy can be a piece of cake for Tata Motors if it duly considers the following- Strategy execution Indulge in aggressive RD to ensure innovations that can add value to the product at minimum cost. This will include designing sophisticated eye-catching models. Adopt sustainable practices and maintain healthy relations with all the members of the value chain and constantly upgrade their knowledge by encouraging a learning environment. Conduct surveys to keep the company updated with the current demands of the buyers and meet them much before the rivals. Rising awareness about global warming and ever increasing fuel prices will see a growth in the green car sector. Thus adding super efficient engine and eco friendly vehicles to the companys portfolio will win a greater market. Improving the budget Regardless of the growing profits, the company must focus on getting rid of the substantial debts and avoid deals that may degrade their creditworthiness. Focus on improving global sales for speedy recovery of fixed cost. Outsourcing Outsourcing of trivial operations is worth the expenditure as it allows the company to concentrate on vital jobs required to stimulate differentiation. Ensuring Improvement The company must encourage interaction between the supply chain members for constant up gradation of the market demand and quicker delivery, thereby directing efforts towards the improvement of production time cycle. Promoting customization, where buyers can customize their vehicles as per their desire, can be an attraction for experimenters. Capturing greater chunk of market by launching altered models with varied prices for each segment. Conclusion The study shows a brighter future for the automobile industry in India. However, vigorous scope for the development of this market has attracted many players. Availability of numerous alternatives and substitutes has further increased customers expectations. Also, the growing youth market comprises of the experimenters, who desire up gradations and new innovations in their possessions. All these analyses provide Tata Motors to become more sensitive to the needs of the buyers and ensure is execution much before the rivals. The company must constantly explore new markets and ensure new innovations because the risk takers are the profit makers. Over and above the company can segment the market and have something for everyone in order to capture a major proportion of the market. Understanding the immense competition where every automobile company is fighting to become the best, Tata Motors is required to build additional competencies. The brand must stabilise its position as a leader in the commercial vehicle market and set new trends in the passenger. The recommended differentiation strategy will give the company a leading edge through its careful implementation and execution.

Americas War on Drugs: Policy and Problems :: America Drug War Politics Narcotics Essays

America's War on Drugs: Policy and Problems In this paper I will evaluate America's War on Drugs. More specifically, I will outline our nation's general drug history and look critically at how Congress has influenced our current ineffective drug policy. Through this analysis I hope to show that drug prohibition policies in the United States, for the most part, have failed. Additionally, I will highlight and evaluate the influences acting on individual legislators' decisions to continue support for these ineffective policies as a more general demonstration of Congress' role in the formation of our nation's drug policy strategy. Finally, I will conclude this analysis by outlining the changes I feel necessary for future progress to be made. Primary among these changes are a general promotion of drug education and the elimination of our current system's many de-legitimating hypocrisies. However, before the specific outcomes of Congressional influence and policy impact can be evaluated it becomes important to first review the general history and current situation of drugs today. Our present drug laws were first enacted at the beginning of the century. At the time, recreational use of narcotics was not a major social issue. The first regulatory legislation was for the purpose of standardizing the manufacturing and purity of pharmaceutical products. Shortly after, the first criminal laws were enacted which addressed opium products and cocaine. Although some states had prohibited the recreational use of marijuana, there was no federal criminal legislation until 1937. By contrast, the use of alcohol and its legality was a major social issue in United States in the early 20th century. This temperance movement culminated in the prohibition of alcohol from 1920 to 1933. Recreational drug use, particularly heroin, became more prevalent among the urban poor during the early ?60s. Because of the high cost of heroin and its uncertain purity, its use was associated with crime and frequent overdoses. A drug subculture involving the use of marijuana and other hallucinogenic drugs began to emerge in mainstream American society in the late ?60s and was loosely associated with an overall atmosphere of political protest concerning the Vietnam War and civil rights. Drug use, including heroin use, was prevalent among soldiers during the Vietnam War and many of them returned addicted. Since that time, the recreational use of drugs, particularly marijuana, has been a constant aspect of youth culture in all social classes.

Prenatal Diagnostic Tests and the Social, Legal, and Ethical Implicatio

Prenatal Diagnostic Tests and the Social, Legal, and Ethical Implications Introduction Jackie and Michael are expecting their first baby. Jackie is 32 years old and is in good health. She is 15 weeks pregnant and wants to do everything possible to ensure a healthy baby. Even though they do not have risk factors within their families, she and Michael decide to have an amniocentesis. The results indicate that their baby is a female with Turner Syndrome. This condition is caused by a missing X chromosome and results in short stature, ovarian failure, and medical problems involving the heart, thyroid glands, and kidneys. Some of these conditions can be treated and managed with great success. The question that arises after diagnoses is whether or not they will choose to terminate the pregnancy with an abortion or carry the child to full term. The availability of methods that determine the genetic predisposition of a fetus gives rise to a whole array of questions and issues that must be confronted as we develop policies to deal with genetic testing. In this essay, I will present current and future methods for prenatal diagnosis, ethical concerns and related problems dealing with this new technology, my personal opinion on the issue, and finally, future goals in the science of genetics. All of us are potential carriers of several deleterious recessive genes that could be lethal to our offspring if combined with another recessive allele carrying the same fate (IOM 1994). The chances of a genetic disease being passed on are 1 in 100 Americans born today (March of Dimes 1997). Because of the risks involved, many people are having prenatal tests to examine the genetic makeup of their fetuses. For many couples, this option... ...able to cure diseases we never dreamed possible, and the lives of humans will be improved eminently. References Cited Arc. Genetic Discrimination. Obtained from WWW 10/09/97: http://www.the.arc.org/depts/gbr03.html Botkin, Jeffrey R. Fetal Privacy and Confidentiality. Hastings Center Report, Sept.-Oct. 1995:32-39. Institute of Medicine. Assessing Genetic Risks. National Academy Press, Washington, D.C. 1994. March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation. Genetic Testing and Gene Therapy: What They Mean to You and Your Family. Obtained from WWW 10/09/97: http://ubeclu.unibe.ch/insel/GENETEST.HTML Mattei, Jean-Francois. Prenatal Diagnosis. World Health, No. 5, Sept.-Oct. 1996:22-23. Morejon, Diana Punales. Commentary. Hastings Center Report, May-June 1996:21-22. Weatherall, D.J. The New Genetics and Clinical Practice. Oxford University Press, 1991.

School of Rock Review

You and your whole family will love the brand new film about to hit the big screen.. School of Rock! The lead role, Dewey Finn, is played by the legendary Jack Black (and I must admit, nobody could do any better) and direction is done by Richard Linklater, who appears to do an amazing job. After being kicked out of his garage band for the latest 10 minute long guitar solos, wannabe rock star, Dewey Finn must find a way to earn some money to pay his rent. Living in his best friend Ned's spare room with the constant furious temper of Ned's fiancà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½, Patti, Dewey is desperate to find a way to put a new band together better than any other, in order to fulfil Dewey's dream of winning Battle of the Bands. Teaching children would not be the most obvious of solutions, but when Dewey sees his chance to earn some extra money, he can't get to the chalkboard quick enough! After a day of Dewey putting his feet up and listening to children endlessly begging for learning and education, he soon comes to realise that the children have a very special talent for music. Suddenly, Dewey's enthusiasm for his teaching job no longer is the centre of attention in his mind; spotting a peculiar way to put a band together, he then replaces curriculum lessons with a schedule based around rock, consisting of homework involving listening to Dewey's collection of rock CD's. With the Battle of the Bands contest getting even closer, Dewey has to match his snobby school children to his hard-rocking competition. School of rock has everything a successful rock band needs, from lead guitarist to groupies, just inside the classroom. There's a feel good feel to the film, changing Dewey for the better, he learns to genuinely see the talent in the children. What impressed me most about School of rock is the hilarious comedy enough to make you wet your pants. Not everyone will enjoy School of Rock, and it's one of those films that'll require you to be in a good mood to enjoy, but if you are – you definitely will.

Compensation Practice

Wall-Mart applies the compensation strategy of offering the workers the lower limit of wages allowed by the law, but misstating for the same through offering its employees with an insurance scheme (Wilkes, 2013). In this respect, while the employees may not be benefiting greatly in financial terms, the future of such employees is well covered, due to the fact that they have been provided with an insurance cover that addresses their needs beyond the monthly pay checks (Wilkes, 2013).However, the Wall-Mart strategy has been termed as unsuitable both for the employees and the economy, since it is a strategy that seeks to categorize the workforce of the organization as an expense that needs to be minimized Wilkes, 2013). This concept is harmful both to the employee motivation and to the public perception, owing to the fact that treating the workforce as an expense that must be kept under control does not work well either with the employees or the public perception, which in turn adversel y affects the sales of the organization directly (Atchison, Belcher & Thomson, 2013).Thus, while the Wall-Mart compensation strategy has enabled it to keep its expenses low and thus maximize its profitability, it might have even been more damaging than already thought, if the strategy is analyzed from the employee nutrition and the customer perception point of view.Further, the Wall- Mart compensation strategy has emerged to be damaging to the reputation and the goodwill of the company amongst the public and the customers, owing to the fact that it is perceived to transfer the burden of changing hard economic times directly to the employees, by causing them to suffer low wages, so that the company can maintain its profitability levels, as they were during the good economic times (Wilkes, 2013).How Wall-Mart applies compensation practice to determine the positive or negative impact to the many and its stakeholders The effect of the negative perceptions of the customers and the genera l public is to make the organization owners and the top leadership and management to come out as greedy and unethical, which in turn is a turn off for many potential customers of the organization (Atchison, Belcher & Thomson, 2013).Most importantly is the distinction between the concept of low wages and low labor costs. The fact that an organization offers low wages to Its workforce does not mean that such an organization will in turn incur low labor costs (Atchison, Belcher & Thomson, 013). This is because, while the low wages may be an alternative for reducing expenses, the costs associated with the labor turnover might exceed the benefit derived from offering low wages (Atchison, Belcher & Thomson, 2013).Thus, Wall-Mart is an organization that is being faced by the challenge of high employee turn-over, owing to the fact that most of its employees are dissatisfied with the conditions of work and the low wages offered by the organization, such that they tend to quit the job at the rise of any other viable alternative, forcing the organization to engage in a continuous cycle of hiring and employment recruitment, which in turn drives the costs of labor higher (Wilkes, 2013).A recent study has shown that while Wall-Mart offers low wages compared to Cost, Quick Trip and Trader Joey's, the organization incurs an overall high cost of labor compared to these organizations, thus in turn earning low profitability margin (Alter, 2013). The study has indicated that the cost of labor turnover at Cost is 17%, compared to the cost of labor turnover at Wall-Mart, which stands at 44% (Atchison, Belcher & Thomson, 2013).The overall effect of this study is to show that the compensation strategy for Wall- Mart might be considered to deliver positive results by lowering the expenses associated with the employee wages, but the overall effect is that the company continues to incur very high cost than it would be incurring, if it paid good wages for its employees (Alter, 2013). The other important aspect to consider in the Wall-Mart's compensation strategy is its effect on the employees' productivity.A well paid employee is a productive employee, since such an employee is enthusiastic and motivated about his work, and thus applies extra effort to ensure that the employer will also benefit from the show of goodwill and appreciation of the employee services. In this respect, the study indicated that the productivity of the employees at Wall- Mart was much lower compared to that of Cost, owing to the fact that the profit per employee in Wall-Mart was $11 ,039 compared to that of Cost, which was $13, 647 per employee (Atchison, Belcher & Thomson, 2013).Thus, the compensation strategy of Wall-Mart is wanting, and as a result needs to be changed so that it can enable both the organization and the workforce to reap higher benefits from their relationship. The ways in which laws, labor unions, and market factors impact the Wall-Mart compensation practices Wall-Mart c ompensation practices have been affected greatly by laws, labor unions and market factors, such that for example, in 2005, labor unions created organizations and launched internet and social media campaign to criticize Wall-Mart for its poor treatment of employees in wages and conditions of work (Atchison, Belcher & Thomson, 2013).The law has also been on collision course in several occasions with Wall-Mart, where it has been investigated for possible prosecution for both monopolistic tendencies and unlawful treatment of its workforce (Green, 2003). The market forces have also been of great influence to the Wall-Mart business, through causing the organization to earn low profitability as a result of economic recession, thus in turn paying low wages for its workforce (Wilkes, 2013). The effectiveness of traditional bases for pay at the Wall-Mart The rotational bases for pay are still applicable for Wall-Mart, although selectively.